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SoC is short for System on Chip, which literally means “system on chip” and is often referred to as “System on chip”. When it comes to “Chip”, SoC will also reflect the connection and difference between “integrated circuit” and “chip”, including the design of integrated circuit, system integration, chip design, production, packaging, testing and so on. Similar to the definition of “chip”, SoC puts more emphasis on a whole. In the field of integrated circuit, SOC is defined as a system or product formed by combining multiple integrated circuits with specific functions on a chip, including a complete hardware system and embedded software. 

This means that a single chip can perform the functions of an electronic system that previously required one or more circuit boards and the various electronics, chips and interconnects on the board. When we talked about integrated circuits, we mentioned the integration of buildings to bungalows, and SoC can be regarded as the integration of towns to buildings. Hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, supermarkets, hospitals, schools, bus stations and a large number of houses, together, constitute the function of a small town, to meet the basic needs of people for food, accommodation and transportation. SoC is more about the integration of processors (including CPU, DSP), memory, various interface control modules, and various interconnection buses, which are typically represented by the mobile phone chip (see the introduction of the term “terminal chip”). SoC can not reach the degree of a single chip to achieve a traditional electronic product, it can be said that SoC only realizes the function of a small town, but can not achieve the function of a city.

SoC has two notable features: one is the large scale of the hardware, usually based on IP design model; Second, software is more important than the need for software and hardware co-design. It can be likened to the advantages of urban compared with rural areas are obvious: complete facilities, convenient transportation, high efficiency. SoC also has similar characteristics: more supporting circuits are integrated on a single chip, which saves the area of integrated circuits and thus saves the cost, which is equivalent to the improvement of the energy efficiency of the city. On-chip interconnection is equivalent to the city’s fast road, with high speed and low consumption.

The information transmission between various devices distributed on the circuit board is concentrated in the same chip, which is equivalent to the place that would have taken a long bus ride has been moved to the city, taking a subway or BRT to arrive, which is obviously much faster. The tertiary industry of the city is developed and more competitive, and the software on SoC is equivalent to the service business of the city, which is not only good hardware, but also good software. The same set of hardware can be used to do one thing today and another thing tomorrow, which is similar to the improvement of resource allocation, scheduling and utilization of the whole society in the city. It can be seen that SoC has obvious advantages in performance, cost, power consumption, reliability, life cycle and application range, so it is the inevitable trend of integrated circuit design development. In the field of performance and power sensitive terminal chips, SoC has become dominant; And its application is expanding to a wider range of areas. Single chip complete electronic system is the future development direction of IC industry.